Bastions which were built for the defence of the city are the buildings of The XIX century. They wen: built with the purpose ofper-venting Russian attacks which were possible towards the city from the east, the north and the south. Mecidiye and Aziziye bastions in the east are the areas in which 93 wars took place (Ottoman-Russia war 1877-78) All The 21 bastions were built with hewn stone. They do no! haw any decorations. These are buildings with big dimensions. Among these, big and small Palandt'iken Bastions were built at approximately 3000 m altitude.